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The Yemeni Revolution,〔()〕 initially named the Yemeni uprising (Intifada),〔(Khaled Fattah. ''Yemen: A Social Intifada In a Republic of Sheikhs'' )〕 followed the initial stages of the Tunisian Revolution and occurred simultaneously with the Egyptian Revolution of 2011〔 and other Arab Spring protests in the Middle East and North Africa. In its early phase, protests in Yemen were initially against unemployment, economic conditions〔 and corruption, as well as against the government's proposals to modify Yemen's constitution. The protestors' demands then escalated to calls for Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh to resign. Mass defections from the military, as well as from Saleh's government, effectively rendered much of the country outside of the government's control, and protesters vowed to defy its authority. A major demonstration of over 16,000 protestors took place in Sana'a, Yemen's capital, on 27 January.〔 On 2 February, Saleh announced he would not run for reelection in 2013 and that he would not pass power to his son. On 3 February, 20,000 people protested against the government in Sana'a,〔 while others protested in Aden,〔 a southern Yemeni seaport city, in a "Day of Rage" called for by Tawakel Karman,〔 while soldiers, armed members of the General People's Congress and many protestors held a pro-government rally in Sana'a.〔 In a "Friday of Anger" on 18 February, tens of thousands of Yemenis took part in anti-government demonstrations in Taiz, Sana'a and Aden. On a "Friday of No Return" on 11 March, protestors called for Saleh's ousting in Sana'a where three people were killed. More protests were held in other cities, including Al Mukalla, where one person was killed. On 18 March, protesters in Sana'a were fired upon, resulting in 52 deaths and ultimately culminating in mass defections and resignations.〔("Yemen president Saleh fights to keep grip on power" ). ''The Star'' (Malaysia).〕 Starting in late April, Saleh agreed to a Gulf Co-operation Council-brokered deal, only to back away hours before the scheduled signing three times. After the third time, on 22 May, the GCC declared it was suspending its efforts to mediate in Yemen. On 23 May, a day after Saleh refused to sign the transition agreement, Sheikh Sadiq al-Ahmar, the head of the Hashid tribal federation, one of the most powerful tribes in the country, declared support for the opposition and his armed supporters came into conflict with loyalist security forces in the capital Sana'a. Heavy street fighting ensued, which included artillery and mortar shelling.〔(Tribal fighters occupy government buildings in Yemen ). CNN.〕〔(Fighting grips Yemeni capital as Saleh orders arrests ). Alternet.org.〕 Saleh and several others were injured and at least five people were killed by a 3 June bombing of the presidential compound when an explosion ripped through a mosque used by high-level government officials for prayer services.〔(Yemen palace shelled; sheikh, guards killed, president, PM hurt ). CNN.〕 Reports conflicted as to whether the attack was caused by shelling or a planted bomb. The next day, Vice President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi took over as acting president〔(Al-Hadi acting President of Yemen ). Al Jazeera.net (4 June 2011).〕 while Saleh flew to Saudi Arabia to be treated. The crowds celebrated Saleh's transfer of power, but Yemeni officials insisted that Saleh's absence was temporary and he would soon return to Yemen to resume his duties of office.〔(Yemeni crowds celebrate after president transfers power, flies to Saudi Arabia ). ''The Washington Post''. (5 June 2011).〕 In early July the government rejected the opposition's demands, including the formation of a transitional council with the goal of formally transferring power from the current administration to a caretaker government intended to oversee Yemen's first-ever democratic elections. In response, factions of the opposition announced the formation of their own 17-member transitional council on 16 July, though the Joint Meeting Parties that have functioned as an umbrella for many of the Yemeni opposition groups during the uprising said the council did not represent them and did not match their "plan" for the country. On 23 November, Saleh signed a power-transfer agreement brokered by the Gulf Cooperation Council in Riyadh, under which he would transfer his power to his Vice-President within 30 days and leave his post as president by February 2012, in exchange for immunity from prosecution.〔(Yemen's Saleh signs deal to quit power ). ''Daily Star'' (Lebanon) (23 November 2011).〕〔(Yemen leader signs power-transfer deal ). Al Jazeera.〕 Although the GCC deal was accepted by the JMP, it was rejected by many of the protesters and the Houthis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Process of withdrawing troops and armed tribesmen started for enhancing peace and normalizing life in Yemen )〕 A presidential election was held in Yemen on 21 February 2012. With a report claims that it has 65 percent of its turnout, Hadi won 99.8% of the vote. Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi took the oath of office in Yemen's parliament on 25 February 2012. Saleh returned home at the same day to attend Hadi's presidency inauguration. After months of protests, Saleh had resigned from the presidency and formally transferred power to his successor, marking the end of his 33-year rule. ==Background== Yemen has the fourth lowest Human Development Index ratings in the Arab world after Sudan, Djibouti and Mauritania.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Human Development Index and its components )〕 It is also facing a conflict with al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula as well as a revolt from secessionists in southern Yemen, who want to see the old South Yemen reconstituted. There is also a rebellion by Zaidi rebels, known as the Houthis. Before his ouster, Ali Abdullah Saleh had been Yemen's president for more than 30 years, and many believed his son Ahmed Saleh was being groomed to eventually replace him. Almost half of the population of Yemen lives below the poverty line, and one-third suffer from chronic hunger.〔 Yemen ranks 146th in the Transparency International 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index )〕 and 8th in the 2012 Failed States Index (up two places from 2010).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Failed States Index Scores 2010 )〕 A draft amendment to the constitution of Yemen was under discussion in parliament despite opposition protests. The amendment seeks to allow Saleh to remain in the office of president for life. He urged the opposition to take part in an election on 27 April to avoid "political suicide." The current parliament's mandate was extended by two years after an agreement in February 2009 agreement the ruling General People's Congress and opposition parties seeking a dialogue on political reforms such as: moving from a presidential system to a proportional representation parliamentary system and a more decentralised government. Neither measure has been implemented. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yemeni Revolution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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